Structure

Repetition

the merit of seeking to analyze the problems of repetition and change of tense in this sage by starting with the text itself. For any clues to the literary problems of 2:12-14 are most likely to be found just there.[1]

the repetition highlights John’s intensity of focus.[2]

The aorist of the second trio is probably an epistolary aorist referring to the present Epistle, in which case there is really no difference in meaning between the two tenses. He first ‘writes’ and then confirms what he ‘has written’. His message is sure and steadfast; he does not change his mind; this is his ‘full and final testimony.’[3]

Perspective

the seasoned communicator’s intuition that by this point in the discourse readers (or hearers) stand in need of fresh exhortation to take heed. Therefore he employs an altered angle of address that clamors for the full engagement of their interpretive faculties.[4]

[1] Stephen S. Smalley, 1,2,3 John, Word Biblical Commentary (Waco, Texas: Word Books, Publisher, 1984), 77.

[2] Robert W. Yarbrough, 1-3 John, Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament (Grand Rapids, Michigan:  Baker Academic, 2008), 115.

[3] John Stott, The Epistles of John, Tyndale New Testament Commentaries (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1975), 96.

[4] Robert W. Yarbrough, 1-3 John, Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament (Grand Rapids, Michigan:  Baker Academic, 2008), 116.